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Just before taking the photo in Figure 1 I
was photographing some wildflowers and heard a commotion on the
nearby dam.
I walked up to the lake, arriving to see what
at first appeared to be a tranquil scene. |
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| Fig 1: Swans
minding their own business, or so it seemed. But the swan in the background
is approaching fast, and is looking for trouble. |
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| Then I realised that the swan in the back
of this photo was the one that had been causing trouble earlier in
the day (we'll call him swan "A" or Agro), and he was making
a beeline for the swan in the foreground (who I'll dub swan "B"
or Bilbo). Until this point I'd been
using my 300mm f2.8 with a 1.4 converter. This is a good combination
resulting in a 420mm f4 lens.
With the light levels at the time I was shooting
at 1/125th wide open at f4. This shutter speed is stretching the
friendship for handheld photography with such a long lens, but with
good technique, and a static subject, it can be done.
However it was all too clear that Agro had mischief
on his mind, and that things would soon be hotting up.
For this reason I removed the converter, and
thus returned the lens to its standard configuration as a 300/2.8.
This was a calculated act, with three benefits,
- 'A one-stop faster lens, meaning that my shutter
speed went up to 1/250th.
- 'A shorter focal length, easier to handle if
there's any action, but also more appropriate for hand holding
on the move. The new shutter speed/focal length combination of
1/250th and 300mm will produce sharper results.
- 'Wider field of view, meaning that it would
be easier to follow the action, I can always crop an image later
if it's a little too wide, I can't add to it.
Now armed with a more appropriate lens, and checking
that I had plenty of frames left on the film, I felt ready.
As Agro got closer, Bilbo spied him and started
to run. |
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| Fig 2: Bilbo
has seen Agro coming up behind, and is making a run for it. |
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| I followed, trying to take photos at the same
time. Eventually Agro got into range and flew into action. |
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| Fig 3: Agro launches
his first attack. |
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| He chased Bilbo around in circles, constantly
biting him on the back. |
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| Fig 4: Agro plunges
his beak into Bilbo's back, sending the water flying. |
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| Bilbo tried to escape by exiting the lake and
running up the dam wall, but Agro persisted, chasing his unfortunate
victim right across the embankment and into the long grass. |
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| Fig 5: Poor Bilbo
tries to escape, but Agro has latched onto some feathers. |

 
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| A few seconds later Agro reappears with feathers
hanging from his beak. He looks back into the grass as if to say "And
don't come back fella", then waddles off back to the water. |
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| Fig 6: Agro,
with evidence clearly hanging from his beak, looks back at Bilbo in the
long grass. |
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| After checking that all seems clear Bilbo also
reappears from the grass, and stands as if saying "Waddi do?
Waddi do?". |
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| Fig 7: A bemused
Bilbo, no doubt wondering what he'd done. |
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At this point I think it's all over and I'm
sitting on the ground to get a steadier hold on the camera, assuming
that I'm now in for just a portrait or two of Bilbo.
As I look through the viewfinder though I see
Bilbo start to walk towards me. Thinking that Agro has returned
to the lake, I figure that Bilbo has decided to walk along the dam
wall rather than take his chances in the water.
Within seconds though it's apparent that there's
more afoot. Bilbo starts running straight towards me at full throttle.
I managed to fire off three shots before he's
too close for me to follow focus, the third photo (Fig 8) illustrating
the reason Bilbo was bolting, Agro had climbed back onto the wall
and had resumed the chase. |
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| Fig 8: Bilbo
nearly knocks me over in his panic to get away from Agro, seen here in the
background, bearing down on the both of us. |

Image #11740 |
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Considering I use old manual equipment, with
no auto focus, I was very pleased with the results, of the three
shots taken as Bilbo rushed towards me, the first and third are
sharp.
Check out the body language on Agro at the rear.
Although he's well out of focus, there's no misunderstanding his
evil intentions.
Bilbo veers at the last second and dives back
onto the lake, with Agro in hot pursuit. |
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| Fig 9: Bilbo
hits the water on the run. |
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| Then the chase continues, ending shortly after
the next photo. |
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| Fig 10: Agro
has one last go at pecking Bilbo, then gives up the chase. |
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What this was all about I have no idea, was
this the swan way of letting immature birds know it's time to leave
home?, was this courtship, swan style, in which case Agro is really
Romeo.
Whatever was happening it made a good sequence
of photos.
NOTE: I've since received an explanation about
this behaviour. See below.
There's no doubt
that the use of modern auto-focus equipment would have improved the
sharpness of most of these photos, but I think this sequence illustrates
that it's still possible to get good action shots with older gear.
At the time of writing the modern equivalent
of my 300/2.8 costs over $10,000, which places it firmly in my dreams,
and not my camera bag.
All photos taken with a Canon FD 300mm f2.8 lens
mounted on a Canon F1N with a Speed Finder and FN Motor drive.
'Explanation
of this behaviour'
While "Bilbo" was clearly behaving in a submissive way
(notice his lowered curly feathers while he is swimming away from
"Agro"), he is a fully adult bird. Immatures retain dark
spots on their white primaries, which "Bilbo" doesn't
have. The behaviour is also not courtship - that is a LOT more subtle!
Black Swans do not hold permanent territories
like Mute Swans, but dominant birds will regularly chase others
away from where they are feeding. If the intruder doesn't leave
quickly enough they may throw in some extra persuasion of the kind
you observed.
However, the kind of prolonged aggression you
photographed is usually only observed during the breeding season.
So, my guess is that "Agro" either had a brood of cygnets
nearby, or was establishing himself as the 'lord of the lake' by
chasing off all other males.
Ken Kraaijeveld
The Galton Laboratory
Department of Biology
University College London |
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